Because the biological clock is driven by light, exposure to bright light during working shifts and dark exposure when not working can help combat insomnia and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Huang, Tsai, Chen, & Hsu, 2013).
Test 1: Quizes 1-4 Flashcards | Chegg.com Five cardinal signs characterize this response: pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. There is a tremendous amount of variability among sufferers, both in terms of how symptoms of narcolepsy manifest and the effectiveness of currently available treatment options. It is often prescribed for minor pain, and it is available over-the-counter in some other countries. The participant is encouraged to use his or her imagination. You have read that sleep is distinguished by low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness. . Rotating shift work has pervasive effects on the lives and experiences of individuals engaged in that kind of work, which is clearly illustrated in stories reported in a qualitative study that researched the experiences of middle-aged nurses who worked rotating shifts (West, Boughton & Byrnes, 2009). According to Jung, certain symbols in dreams reflected universal archetypes with meanings that are similar for all people regardless of culture or location. Two sleeping children are depicted in this 1895 oil painting titled.
Peritonitis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic Interestingly, individuals who have increased levels of alpha brain wave activity (more often associated with wakefulness and transition into stage 1 sleep) during stage 3 often report that they do not feel refreshed upon waking, regardless of how long they slept (Stone, Taylor, McCrae, Kalsekar, & Lichstein, 2008). The 20th century Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung believed that dreams allowed us to tap into the collective unconscious. Keep your bedroom temperature between 60 and 67 degrees. Many college students struggle getting the recommended 79 hours of sleep each night. Methadone clinicshelp people who previously struggled with opioid addiction manage withdrawal symptoms through the use of methadone. LINK TO LEARNING: To learn more about some of the most commonly abused prescription and street drugs, check out the, LINK TO LEARNING: Feeling stressed? In addition, these drugs can cause feelings of anxiety, hallucinations, and paranoia (Fiorentini et al., 2011). The brains clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as thesuprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Once awakened from a narcoleptic attack, people report that they feel refreshed (Chokroverty, 2010). Remarkably, Falater insisted that he had no recollection of hurting his wife in any way. The amount of sleep we get varies across the lifespan. Upon admission to an outpatient clinic for treatment of mood disorders, she met all of the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence and was advised to dramatically limit her caffeine intake. In 2012, Kromann and Nielson reported on a case study of a 40-year-old woman who suffered significant ill effects from her use of caffeine.
week 3 midterm 1.docx - Question 1 1 / 1 pts John has been In general, these drugs are not thought to possess the same sort of abuse potential as other classes of drugs discussed in this section. These brain areas include the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Awareness of internal stimuli includes feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions. During periods of sleepwalking, sleepers often have their eyes open, but they are not responsive to attempts to communicate with them. If you get peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis symptoms also may include: Cloudy dialysis fluid. For instance, have you ever daydreamed while driving home from work or school without really thinking about the drive itself? There are a variety of drugs that treat restless leg syndrome: benzodiazepines, opiates, and anticonvulsants (Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation, n.d.). After dinner, he prepared some materials to use in leading a church youth group the following morning, and then he attempted to repair the familys swimming pool pump before retiring to bed. The prevalence rates for somatic disorders are often difficult to determine; however, overall estimates of somatic symptom disorder are around 4-6%. a. Methamphetamine in its smokable form, often called crystal meth due to its resemblance to rock crystal formations, is highly addictive. 1. While medical marijuana laws have been passed on a state-by-state basis, federal laws still classify this as an illicit substance, making conducting research on the potentially beneficial medicinal uses of marijuana problematic. Depletion of certain neurotransmitters can lead to mood dysphoria, cognitive problems, and other factors. It is administered alone or in conjunction with doses of melatonin (the hormone secreted by the pineal gland). Methamphetamineis a type of amphetamine that can be made from ingredients that are readily available (e.g., medications containing pseudoephedrine, a compound found in many over-the-counter cold and flu remedies). Users can experience physical symptoms that include nausea, elevated blood pressure, and increased heart rate. In some cases, though, there may be no symptoms of inflammation at all. Therefore, the abuse potential of central nervous system depressants is relatively high. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Consciousnessdescribes our awareness of internal and external stimuli. In fact, this relationship is so robust that some view the presence of RBD as a potential aid in the diagnosis and treatment of a number of neurodegenerative diseases (Ferini-Strambi, 2011). She indicated that she had fallen asleep at inappropriate or dangerous times, including while eating, while socializing with friends, and while driving her car. Confusion. Mindfulness meditation has recently become popular. In a lucid dream, a person becomes aware of the fact that they are dreaming, and as such, they can control the dreams content (LaBerge, 1990). One particular aspect of the internal state is that a method applied to the object being in a defined internal state (= a specific set of all its attributes' value) will result in another, also defined (and reproducible) internal state. All of the following are true statements concerning the health of Americans EXCEPT: a. mortality rates from smoking have declined. Scott Falater had a history of regular episodes of sleepwalking as a child, and he had even behaved violently toward his sister once when she tried to prevent him from leaving their home in his pajamas during a sleepwalking episode. While hypnosis may be useful in enhancing memory or a skill, such enhancements are very modest in nature (Raz, 2011). Users often consume the drug every few hours across days-long binges called runs, in which the user forgoes food and sleep. Weakness and fatigue. Often, however, people wishing to learn to meditate receive some training in techniques to achieve a meditative state. . It is quite possible that sleep serves no single universally adaptive function, and different species have evolved different patterns of sleep in response to their unique evolutionary pressures. It may feel like alcohol helps you sleep, but it actually disrupts REM sleep and leads to frequent awakenings. A person with asleep debtdoes not get sufficient sleep on a chronic basis. Theta wavesare even lower frequency (47 Hz), higher amplitude brain waves than alpha waves. Evolutionary psychologyis a discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result ofnatural selection. Night terrorsresult in a sense of panic in the sufferer and are often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment (Mahowald & Schenck, 2000). People who suffer from this disorder can injure themselves or their sleeping partners when engaging in these behaviors. Indeed, we know sleep deprivation results in disruptions in cognition and memory deficits (Brown, 2012), leading to impairments in our abilities to maintain attention, make decisions, and recall long-term memories. That is why individuals suffering from sleep deprivation can also put themselves and others at risk when they put themselves behind the wheel of a car or work with dangerous machinery. This section will describe several sleep disorders as well as some of their treatment options. For example, people who undergo chemotherapy will often be prescribed marijuana to stimulate their appetites and prevent excessive weight loss resulting from the side effects of chemotherapy treatment. Psychological dependence, or drug craving, is a recent addition to the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder in DSM-5. Signs of inflammation help healthcare providers in making a diagnosis. When he told me, I made him go see the college therapist. During this time, an individuals heart rate and respiration slow dramatically. A) a mole that looks cancerous B) nasal congestion C) change in heart rate D) issues with breathing Which of the following American health care systems is most known for requiring a referral from a primary care doctor in order to see a specialist? In addition, if a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, her infant may be born with a cluster of birth defects and symptoms collectively called fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) or fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Individuals who suffer from RBD have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams. As part of treatment, the sleeping environment is often modified to make it a safer place for those suffering from RBD (Zangini, Calandra-Buonaura, Grimaldi, & Cortelli, 2011). This is of such concern that people who are trying to overcome addiction to these substances should only do so under medical supervision. These changes in brain wave activity can be visualized using EEG and are distinguished from one another by both the frequency and amplitude of brain waves (Figure 4.7). Generally, narcolepsy is treated using psychomotor stimulant drugs, such as amphetamines (Mignot, 2012). Hypnosis has also been used to draw out information believed to be buried deeply in someones memory. This is an important factor because we can develop tolerance and experience withdrawal from any number of drugs that we do not abuse. Incentral sleep apnea, disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing (White, 2005). Thecollective unconscious, as described byJung, is a theoretical repository of information he believed to be shared by everyone. Drug withdrawal is usually an aversive experience, and it can be a life-threatening process in individuals who have a long history of very high doses of alcohol and/or barbiturates. Our states of consciousness change as we move from wakefulness to sleep. AK-complexis a very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may in some cases occur in response to environmental stimuli. Thus we sleep in safe areas to reduce the chance of harm. the ability to spend time, good time with them when youre not feeling absolutely exhausted . Understanding the impact of sleep on cognitive function should help you understand that cramming all night for a test may be not effective and can even prove counterproductive. Taking a different approach to explain hypnosis, the social-cognitive theory of hypnosis sees people in hypnotic states as performing the social role of a hypnotized person. While disruptions in circadian rhythms can have negative consequences, there are things we can do to help us realign our biological clocks with the external environment. Increased prescriptions led to greater rates of misuse, along with greater incidence of addiction, even among patients who used these drugs as prescribed. It was getting to the point where it was kind of scary (Henry & Rosenthal, 2013, p. 52). For example, body temperature fluctuates cyclically over a 24-hour period (Figure 4.2). The freebase version of cocaine, known as crack, is a potent, smokable version of the drug. For example, Hobson (2009) suggests that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness. . Again, this is an intuitive and appealing explanation for why we sleep. Theta waves still dominate the activity of the brain, but they are interrupted by brief bursts of activity known as sleep spindles (Figure 4.9). His children and his wifes parents all agreed that Falater had an excellent relationship with his wife and they couldnt think of a reason that would provide any sort of motive to murder her (Cartwright, 2004). Asleep spindleis a rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves that may be important for learning and memory (Fogel & Smith, 2011; Poe, Walsh, & Bjorness, 2010). That includes exercise and bright light from devices. As mentioned earlier, REM sleep is marked by rapid movements of the eyes. Homeostasisis the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system. For instance, the concentration of various ions in your blood must be kept steady, along with pH and the concentration of glucose.
PSY 352 Health Psy Quiz 1 - PSY-352 Health Psychology Quiz 1 - StuDocu Watch this, Sleep, which we all experience, is a quiet and mysterious pause in our daily lives. Manifest contentis the actual content, or storyline, of a dream. D) the demographic characteristics of the person C) the severity and duration of the problem. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90 . The term was first coined by a physiologist named Walter Cannon in 1926. Not able to pass stool or gas. Unlike Freud and Jung, Cartwrights ideas about dreaming have found empirical support. Jet lag is a collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment. The researchers showed that these states correspond to distinct strategies, and then they identified . Is it absolutely essential that we sleep? Sleepwalking, restless leg syndrome, and night terrors are all examples of parasomnias (Mahowald & Schenck, 2000). Recently, a new EPAP (expiratory positive air pressure) device has shown promise in double-blind trials as one such alternative (Berry, Kryger, & Massie, 2011).