The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceausescu. Host virtual town halls, onboard and train employees, collaborate . [94][95] In 2014, the percentage of those who would vote for Ceauescu reached 46%. "Mircea the Elder", whom he styled "Mircea the Great") and Mihai Viteazul (Michael the Brave). As part of a propaganda ploy arranged by the Ceauescus through the consular cultural attachs of Romanian embassies,[citation needed] they managed to receive orders and titles from numerous states and institutions. [62] According to the Jurnalul Naional,[63] requests were made by the Ceauescus' daughter, Zoia, and by supporters of their political views, to move their remains to mausoleums or to purpose-built churches. Nicolae Ceauescu ( / tasku / chow-SHESK-oo, Romanian: [nikola.e tea.uesku] ( listen); 5 February [ O.S. [14] Ceauescu ultimately negotiated a compromise solution to the strike. before and after the firing: https://youtu.be/KKyyYbMx6YM. Nicolae Ceausescu a fost unul dintre cele mai cunoscute personalitati politice din secolul 20 fiind practic conducatorul Romaniei timp de aproape 25 de ani (din martie 1965 pana in 25 decembrie 1989 cand a fost ucis la Targoviste, impreuna cu sotia Elena, dupa un proces sumar ce a durat o ora si 20 min) ! ", "We want our money! Acest premiu i-a revenit directorului de imagine Barbu Bloiu. Despite the 1988 decline, the net foreign balance reached its decade peak (9.5% of GDP). Romanian Dictator Nicolae and Elena ceausescu executed.\r\rNicolae and Elena Ceausescu before execution (December, 1989)\r\rBy the morning of 22 December, the rebellion had already spread to all major cities across the country. France granted Nicolae Ceauescu the Legion of Honour. Ceauescu was likewise stripped of his honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (GCB) status by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the day before his execution. The security team conducted a total of seven arrests. Platforma permite cutri avansate i ofer posibilitatea de a descrca coninutul publicaiilor n format pdf. On Christmas Day 1989, after a tumultuous year, Romanian leader Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife were executed by firing squad against a toilet block. He was first elected to this post in 1974, and would be reelected every five years until 1989. The following month, Ceauescu's government itself collapsed after a series of violent events in Timioara and Bucharest. [10] He spent most of his sentence in Doftana Prison. He also blamed the Timioara riots on "fascist agitators who want to destroy socialism". [citation needed], Initially, Ceauescu became a popular figure, both in Romania and in the West, because of his independent foreign policy, which challenged the authority of the Soviet Union. The Communist dictator and his wife were tried and executed Dec. 25. Foreign borrowing was resumed after, Commemorative Medal of the 5th Anniversary of the Republic of Romania, Commemorative Medal of the 35th Anniversary of the Liberation of Romania, Hero of Socialist Labour (Romania) (1964), Order of the Star of the Republic of Romania, Marian Oprea, "Au trecut 15 ani Conspiraia Securitii" ("15 Years Later: The Securitate Conspiracy"), in. DISCLAIMER .Death Row is a Channel that educates and also does not in anyway encourage any actions or behaviors, that might land anyone in jail or on death row.Death row channel does not accept any racial, profanity,sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. In 1980, Romania participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with its other Soviet bloc allies, but in 1984 was one of the few Communist countries to participate in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles (going on to win 53 medals, trailing only the United States and West Germany in the overall count)[19][20] when most of the Eastern Bloc's nations boycotted this event. El era printre membrii fondatori ai partidului comunist. Upon his rise to power, he eased press censorship and openly condemned the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in his speech on 21 August 1968, which resulted in a surge in popularity. published estimates of the number of people killed by Securitate forces. 9,000 United States dollars) for praising Ceauescu and displaying his pictures on his private television channel (3TV Oltenia). In film apar liderii comunisti la tribunele conferintelor judetene si nationala organizate de PCR. Track the rise and fall of Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu through this documentary which constructs his portrait by only using archival footage. 23 January] 1918 [1] - 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and dictator. DNA tests were able to conclusively prove his identity. [14] In October 1966, Ceauescu banned abortion and contraception and brought in one of the world's harshest anti-abortion laws,[15] leading to a large spike in the number of Romanian infants abandoned to the country's orphanages. But my teacher is sure he saw a video, recorded from a high angle of the whole execution. Extracts of the graphic 90-minute videotape were aired exclusively by the French television network TF1. Honorary degrees from the University of Bucharest (1973), Lebanese University (1974), University of Buenos Aires (1974), Autonomous University of Yucatn (1975), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis (1975), University of the Philippines (1975), University of Liberia (1988) and Kim Il-sung University North Korea (1988). . Solutions . Credea cu tarie. [3] The demonstrations, which reached Bucharest, became known as the Romanian Revolutionthe only violent overthrow of a communist government in the course of the Revolutions of 1989. Dezember 1989 in Trgovite) war ein rumnischer Politiker.Als Generalsekretr der Rumnischen Kommunistischen Partei, Staatsprsident und Vorsitzender des Staatsrates war er von 1965 bis 1989 der neostalinistische Diktator der Sozialistischen Republik Rumnien I come from Chile and its a subject called "contemporary society". [citation needed] In a 1972 speech, Ceauescu stated he wanted "a certain blending of party and state activities in the long run we shall witness an ever closer blending of the activities of the party, state and other social bodies". Next Video 11 Ratings 10,806 Views 7 Comments 1 Favorites Flag Share Flip Embed: Use old embed code Tags: shooting epic gun execution history kill murder death footage the day funny wtf stupid fail crazy Romania and Yugoslavia were also the only Eastern European countries that entered into trade agreements with the European Economic Community before the fall of the Eastern Bloc. Speelgoed, Hobby & Feest. The systematization was a program of urban planning carried out by Ceauescu. The 90-minute film of their trial and execution, which appeared in pirated and official versions on French television last week, indicates that the couple may have been killed, separately, by. One of his first acts was to change the name of the party from the Romanian Workers' Party back to the Communist Party of Romania and to declare the country a socialist republic, rather than a people's republic. This nationalist policy had more timid precedents:[69] for example, Gheorghiu-Dej had overseen the withdrawal of the Red Army in 1958. [30] As Romania lacked the money to build the necessary oil refining plants and Ceauescu chose to spend the windfall from the high oil prices on aid to the Third World in an attempt to buy Romania international influence, Ceauescu borrowed heavily from Western banks on the assumption that when the loans came due, the profits from the sales of the refined oil would be more than enough to pay off the loans. [24] It marked the highest point in Ceauescu's popularity, when he openly condemned the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. Nicolae Ceausescu met future Romanian leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej in prison, and succeeded him after his death in 1965. The film explores the image of the Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu using unknown official footage from the Romanian National Television and National Film Archives. [13] The Romanian Communist Party disappeared soon afterwards; unlike its kindred parties in the former Soviet bloc, it has never been revived. 7:26. Theres no fake footage, theres a legit movie, with actors, recreating their last days, on the run. In 1989, GDP slumped by a further 5.8% due to growing shortages and the increasingly obsolete capital stock. Elena Ceausescu, Self: Romania: Death of a Dictator. [60], The Ceauescus were the last people to be executed in Romania before the abolition of capital punishment on 7 January 1990.[61]. You are my brother for the rest of my life!". HahnfeldAcku32728725. When Gheorghiu-Dej died on 19 March 1965, Ceauescu was not the obvious successor despite his closeness to the longtime leader. Before his sentence was carried out, Nicolae Ceauescu sang "The Internationale" whilst being led towards the wall. [citation needed]. One of the most chilling and transitional moments in history was captured on film back on December 21, 1989. He was very displeased when other Warsaw Pact countries decided to try their own versions of Gorbachev's reforms. During the march, members of the Securitate disguised as workers infiltrated the demonstrators, or remained on the sidelines as spectators, photographing or even filming.[48]. [25] Furthermore, that Kim and even more so Mao had broken free of Soviet control were additional sources of admiration for Ceauescu. In 1974, Ceauescu converted his post of president of the State Council to a full-fledged executive presidency. He directed the construction of the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, which broke ground in June 1984. [13] Additionally, producers had to take great care to make sure that Ceauescu's height (he was only 1.68 metres (5ft 6in) tall[83]) was never emphasized on screen. In 1988, real GDP contracted by 0.5%, mostly due to a decline in industrial output caused by significantly increased material costs. Although he had previously been a careful supporter of the official lines, Ceauescu came to embody Romanian society's wish for independence after what many considered years of Soviet directives and purges, during and after the SovRom fiasco. It also started adding Dacian or Roman versions to the names of cities and towns (Drobeta to Turnu Severin, Napoca to Cluj). [48], A few days after the workers' revolt, Ctlin Bia, a student at the Faculty of Forestry, sat in front of the canteen with a placard that read: "The arrested workers must not die". Employee communication. He initially lived with his sister, Niculina Rusescu. If the world waits for the Ceauescus to do such a thing, imperialism will live for tens of thousands of years"[86] According to Pacepa, Libyan leader Muammar Gadaffi had an opposite interpretation, allegedly saying, "My brother! She was previously married to Nicolae Ceausescu. The Parliamentary Palace building has 1,100 rooms and is the largest civilian government building in the world as measured by volume in one continuous structure. The last edition of the Country Study on Romania, for instance, referred to the PCR's "Stalinist repression of individual liberties". He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. His cult of personality experienced unprecedented elevation, followed by the deterioration of foreign relations, even with the Soviet Union. He became an apprentice shoemaker,[9] working in the workshop of Alexandru Sndulescu, a shoemaker who was an active member in the then-illegal Communist Party. Ceauescu reduced the size of the Romanian People's Army by 5%, for which he organized a mock referendum. The Romanian Senate, which was originally housed in the former building of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party, has been headquartered in the Parliamentary Palace since 2004. In December 1976, at one of his meetings in Bucharest, Ivan Bodiul said that "the good relationship was initiated by Ceauescu's visit to Soviet Moldova". What do you mean by fake footage? Trial and Execution: The Dramatic Deaths of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu Twenty years ago on Christmas Day, the Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena were executed after a summary trial. The execution spot has now become a site for the tourist to visit. At a meeting between the two, Gorbachev upbraided Ceauescu for his inflexible attitude. The suspicious death of Vasile Milea, Ceauescu's defence minister, later confirmed as a suicide (he tried to incapacitate himself with a flesh wound but a bullet severed his artery),[54] was announced by the media. Iran's Leader Future -Nicolae Elena Ceausescu Execution. 1:53. The juncture between a recent past and a distant one enacted by this flashback integrates both memory and history with all their ambiguous edges. Kemenici declares that during the December 22-25 1989, in Romania there were more power centers that claimed priority over the life or death of the Ceausescu couple. My history teacher promised a perfect score to anyone who finds it. Several foreign decorations were revoked at the time of the collapse of Ceauescu's rule. [96] On 27 December 2018, a poll was conducted where 64% of people had a good opinion of Ceauescu. This is it, at least this is what they showed on TV in 1991. A soldier standing guard in the proceedings was ordered to take the Ceauescus outside one by one and shoot them, but the Ceauescus demanded to die together. Pinstripes and Reds: An American Ambassador Caught Between the State Department & the Romanian Communists, 19811985 Washington, D.C.: Selous Foundation Press, 1987. He travelled to Prague a week before the invasion to offer moral support to his Czechoslovak counterpart, Alexander Dubek. hello everyone executed on Christmas day, Nicolae Ceauescu was born on 23 January 1918, in Scorniceti, Olt County, he was a Romanian communist politician and dictator. "Palace of the damned dictator: On the trail of Ceausescu in Bucharest", "Official communique of the National Board of the Audio-Visual", "In Romania, Opinion Polls Show Nostalgia for Communism", "Noul Partid Comunist Romn, condus de un ofer de taxi", "SONDAJ. They faced charges including illegal gathering of wealth and genocide. Careful though, there is one fake where two people dressed like them walk away. Elena Ceausescu was born on January 7, 1916 in Petresti, Dambovita, Romania. [85], Ceauescu had a mixed reputation among international leaders of his time. This led Romanians to joke that Ceauescu was creating "socialism in one family", a pun on "socialism in one country". The building was completed in 1997, after Ceauescu's death in 1989. Din lunga serie de seriale realizate de HBO n Romnia, Spy/Master are toate ansele s atrag mai mult atenie, pentru c i readuce la via pe Nicolae i . [citation needed] Ceauescu found himself briefly aligned with Dubek's Czechoslovakia and Josip Broz Tito's Yugoslavia. The striking miners were inspired by similar strikes along Poland's Baltic coast in December 1970, and just as in Poland in 1970, the striking Romanian miners demanded face-to-face negotiations with their nation's leader. In the museum bed and other things is kept for the tourist where the couple spent their last 4 hours. He organised the 1986 military referendum and managed to change the constitution, adding a clause that barred Romania from taking foreign loans in the future. [9] Ceauescu was soon involved in the Communist Party activities (becoming a member in early 1932), but as a teenager he was given only small tasks. His defection was a powerful blow against the administration, forcing Ceauescu to overhaul the architecture of the Security. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. According to Alexandru Budistenu, former chief architect of Bucharest, "The sight of a church bothered Ceauescu. This was still the case even after representation increased for other minorities such as Hungarians and Germans. Convertible currency exports were promoted at all costs and imports were severely compressed. However, for Romania, like other Eastern People's Republics, industrialization did not mean a total social break with the countryside. He was empowered to carry out those functions of the State Council that did not require plenums. He was joined by colleagues Lucian Silaghi and Horia erban. She died on December 25, 1989 in Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania. Economic mismanagement due to failed oil ventures during the 1970s led to skyrocketing foreign debts for Romania. In 1974, the party programme of the Romanian Communist Party announced that structural changes in society were insufficient to create a full socialist consciousness in the people, and that a full socialist consciousness could only come about if the entire population was made aware of socialist values that guided society. In particular, he was incensed when Poland's leaders opted for a power-sharing arrangement with the Solidarity trade union. The Ceauescus were executed by a gathering of soldiers: Captain Ionel Boeru, Sergeant-Major Georghin Octavian and Dorin-Marian Crlan,[57] while reportedly hundreds of others also volunteered. The country, which had little to no information of the events transpiring in Timioara from the national media, learned about the revolt from radio stations (such as Voice of America and Radio Free Europe) and by word of mouth. Ceauism's main trait was a form of Romanian nationalism,[68] one which arguably propelled Ceauescu to power in 1965, and probably accounted for the Party leadership under Ion Gheorghe Maurer choosing him over the more orthodox Gheorghe Apostol. [21], Ceauescu refused to implement measures of economic liberalism. The first protests began practically on November 14, 1987, at the 440 "Molds" Section of the Red Flag truck company. Although Antonescu's image was never a fully official myth in Ceauescu's time, after his overthrow politicians such as Corneliu Vadim Tudor have coupled the images of the two leaders into their versions of a national Pantheon. The Communist Party daily Scnteia published the message, unaware that it was a work of satire. I know theres a movie with fake footage out there but my teacher says there is a real video. [citation needed], The most important day of the year during Ceauescu's rule was his official birthday, 26 Januarya day which saw Romanian media saturated with praise for him. Hi! Draconian restrictions were imposed on the household energy use to ensure an adequate supply for the industry. By the late 1960s, the population began to swell. [72] Notably, it demanded that Romanian historians refer to Dacians as having "an unorganised State", part of a political continuum that culminated in the Socialist Republic. [citation needed]. [10] For these charges, he was convicted on 6 June 1936 by the Braov Tribunal to 2 years in prison, an additional 6 months for contempt of court, and one year of forced residence in Scorniceti. From this moment on, the protest became political. Create and promote branded videos, host live events and webinars, and more. Foto", "Cataloagele colare i autobiografia lui Nicolae Ceauescu, fcute publice de Arhivele Naionale", "L.A.'s greatest sports moments No. In the 1960s, he eased press censorship and ended Romania's active participation in the Warsaw Pact, but Romania formally remained a member. It was on Christmas Day 30 years ago that Romania's tyrannical communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu was executed by firing squad after a summary trial. He ruled Romania according to orthodox Communist principles, causing food . [74] A new generation of committed supporters on the outside confirmed the administration's character. [36] The policy to repayand, in multiple cases, prepayRomania's external debt became the dominant policy in the late 1980s. Official media presented it as a "spontaneous movement of support for Ceauescu", emulating the 1968 meeting in which he had spoken against the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact forces. Romanian communist leader and dictator from 1965 to 1989, "Ceauescu" redirects here. On the next day, 21 December, Ceauescu staged a mass meeting in Bucharest. Romanian students spontaneously joined the demonstration, which soon lost nearly all connection to its initial cause and became a more general anti-government demonstration. [30], In August 1977 over 30,000 miners went on strike in the Jiu River valley complaining of low pay and poor working conditions. PARIS (AP) _ Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu wept silently and his wife Elena begged for mercy as soldiers readied them for the firing squad, according to footage of their execution broadcast Sunday. [14] When Ceauescu appeared before the miners on the third day of the strike, he was greeted (in the words of the British historian Richard Crampton) " once again la polonaise, with cries of 'Down with the Red Bourgeoisie!'". His secret police, the Securitate, was responsible for mass surveillance as well as severe repression and human rights abuses within the country, and controlled the media and press. He continued to follow an independent policy in foreign relationsfor example, in 1984, Romania was one of few communist states (notably including the People's Republic of China and Yugoslavia) to take part in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, despite a Soviet-led boycott. North Korean books on Juche were translated into Romanian and widely distributed inside the country.[26]. And thanks to the marvels of modern technology, anyone can view the proceedings. Kemenici says he . Ceauescu largely wished to conjure away the living conditions of the Romani, which were ignored by his predecessors and put in place as early as the regime of Ion Antonescu.[49]. Strict ideological conformity in the humanities and social sciences was demanded. [92] Nevertheless, according to opinion polls held in 2010, 41% of Romanians would vote for Ceauescu[93][94] and 63% think that their lives were better before 1989. Romania: The Entangled Revolution. [citation needed], Measures to encourage reproduction included financial motivations for families who bore children, guaranteed maternity leave, and childcare support for mothers who returned to work, work protection for women, and extensive access to medical control in all stages of pregnancy, as well as after it. Enticed with substantial bribes, the camp authorities gave the Communist prisoners much freedom in running their cell block, provided they did not attempt to break out of prison. Ceauescu did not realise that the funding was not always favorable. Tradues em contexto de "Ceausescu regime's" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : Now between 20 and 40 years old, they were born back in the days of the Ceausescu regime's ban on contraceptives and abortion. The three were arrested immediately. Spontaneous labor conflicts, limited in scale, took place in major industrial centers such as Cluj-Napoca (November 1986) and the Nicolina platform in Iai (February 1987), culminating in a massive strike in Braov. Demonstrations in the city of Timioara were triggered by the government-sponsored attempt to evict Lszl Tks, an ethnic Hungarian pastor, accused by the government of inciting ethnic hatred. Czechoslovak President Gustv Husk's resignation on 10 December 1989 amounted to the fall of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia, leaving Ceauescu's Romania as the only remaining hard-line Communist regime in the Warsaw Pact.[50][51][52]. Certain extra retributions were allowed for the peasants, who started to produce more.[22]. The main architect of the building was Anca Petrescu (19492013), who began her work on this building when she was 28 years old. Ceauescu and his wife Elena fled the capital with Emil Bobu and Manea Mnescu and flew by helicopter to Ceauescu's Snagov residence, from which they fled again, this time to Trgovite. Text of Speech in Revolution Square, 21 December 1989. The rest of the day saw an open revolt of Bucharest's population, which had assembled in University Square and confronted the police and army at barricades. He also became eager to be seen as an enlightened international statesman, able to mediate in international conflicts, and to gain international respect for Romania. Filmul despre Ceauescu este descris drept un melanj experimental de documentar i ficiune, un portret al noii generaii n ncercarea de a gsi motivaia din spatele aciunilor tnrului Nicolae Ceauescu, acum cnd acceptarea social i dorina de a fi . child abandonment became commonplace and a considerable number of women either died or were maimed from clandestine . 1990 58 m IMDb RATING 9.2 /10 29 YOUR RATING Rate Documentary Drama The story of the events that led up to the revolt against, overthrow and eventual execution of murderous longtime Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaucescu. [66], While the term Ceauism became widely used inside Romania,[citation needed] usually as a pejorative, it never achieved status in academia. The mass meeting of 21 December, held in what is now Revolution Square, began like many of Ceauescu's speeches over the years. The result of the neglect of the Romani, who had long been a highly vulnerable ethnic minority group across Europe, left the majority of the Romani people in Romania in significant poverty and it also left them at risk of becoming victims of hate crimes. / i; * 26. In the final years of Gheorghiu-Dej's rule, more problems were openly discussed, with the publication of a collection of Karl Marx's writings that dealt with Romanian topics, showing Marx's previously censored, politically uncomfortable views of Russia. [30] A major problem with Ceauescu's oil-refining plan which led to Romania taking enormous loans was the low productivity of Romanian workers, which meant that the oil-refining plants were finished years behind schedule. The draconian measures taken by Ceauescu involved reducing energy and food consumption, as well as lowering workers' incomes, leading to what political scientist Vladimir Tismneanu called "generalized dissatisfaction".[47]. According to official results, the referendum yielded a nearly unanimous "yes" vote. ", "We want light and heat!" [citation needed] A Romanian Encyclopedic Dictionary entry in 1978 underlines the concept as "a new, superior, stage in the Socialist development of Romania begun by the 19711975 Five-Year Plan, prolonged over several [succeeding and projected] Five-Year Plans".[67]. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last communist leader of Romania. He was also the country's head of state from 1967, serving as President of the State Council and from 1974 concurrently as President of the Republic, until his overthrow and execution in the Romanian Revolution in December 1989, part of a series of anti-Communist uprisings in Eastern Europe that year. This is "Death of a Dictator - Nicolae Ceausescu - 1990" by Gert Elhorst on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. Grosescu, R. (2004). The firing squad began shooting as soon as the two were in their positions up against the wall. Ceauescu's Romania was the only Warsaw Pact country that did not sever diplomatic relations with Chile after Augusto Pinochet's coup. Ceauescu was prepared to take a more decisive step in questioning Soviet policies. In his final years, he had begun to rehabilitate the image of pro-Nazi dictator Ion Antonescu. Director Ted Koppel Writers John Fielding Ted Koppel Stars Ted Koppel Silviu Brucan Elena Ceausescu Rumors emerged that Securitate had doctors give the strike leaders 5-minute chest X-rays to ensure the development of cancer.[14]. I know theres a movie with fake footage out there but my teacher says there is a real video. On 18 December 1989, Ceauescu departed for a state visit to Iran, leaving the duty of crushing the Timioara revolt to his subordinates and his wife. Extracts of the graphic 90-minute videotape were aired exclusively by the 26 January]1918his birth was registered with a three-day delay, which later led to confusion. The profile file from the secret police, Sigurana Statului, named him "a dangerous Communist agitator" and "distributor of Communist and antifascist propaganda materials". In the footage, Romanian president Nicolae Ceausescu can be seen delivering a speech from the balcony of the Central Committee building overlooking Palace Square, now know as "Revolution Square," where he praised the achievements of Romania's socialist regime and its "multi . Upon his death in 1996, the younger son, Nicu, was buried nearby in the same cemetery. The government targeted rising divorce rates, and made divorce more difficultit was decreed that marriages could only be dissolved in exceptional cases. For years, nearly all official photographs of him showed him in his late 40s. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. Starring: Nicolae Ceausescu, Elena Ceausescu. Also, the Socialist Republic of Romania was the first of the Eastern bloc nations to have official relations with the Western bloc and the European Community: an agreement including Romania in the Community's Generalised System of Preferences was signed in 1974 and an Agreement on Industrial Products was signed in 1980.
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